FEED THE BRAIN
吃
Common PFD Symptoms
小兒餵食障礙症狀
Stiffen or cry when feeding
餵食時身體變僵硬或哭泣
Fall asleep when feeding
餵食時睡著
Unable to gain weight
無法增加體重
Problems in breastfeeding
餵食母乳困難
Trouble breathing when eating
進食時出現呼吸困難
Refuse to eat or drink
抗拒進食或進飲
Eat only certain textures
只願進食某些質感的食物
Take a long time to eat
進食時間過長
Pocket food in mouth
口腔內積滿食物
Problems in chewing food
咬合食物困難
Cough or gag during meals
進食時咳嗽或作嘔
Fail to proceed to solid food
加固困難
Adopted from:
(Goday, P. S., Huh, S. Y., Silverman, A., Lukens, C. T., Dodrill, P., Cohen, S. S., ... & Phalen, J. A. (2019). Pediatric feeding disorder: consensus definition and conceptual framework. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 68(1), 124.)
Liquids running out from mouth or nose
從嘴或鼻流出流質食物
Drooling
流涎
Have a gurgly voice during or after meals
進食時或後聲音變沙啞
Spit up food
吐出食物
Diagnostic Criteria of PFD
小兒餵食障礙的診斷標準
A disturbance in oral intake of nutrients, inappropriate for age, lasting at least 2 weeks and associated with 1 or more of the following domains.
由於以下其中或多於一個的範疇，而影響幼童未能從口進食合乎年齡的食物，並持續至少兩星期。
Psychosocial dysfunction 社交心理功能障礙 a. Avoidance behaviors by child during feeding 幼兒在餵食時出現迴避行為 b. Inappropriate caregiver management of child's feeding and/or nutrition needs 照顧者未能有效地處理幼兒的餵食過程及營養需求 c. Disruption of social functioning within a feeding context 因餵食而引致社交功能障礙 d. Disruption of caregiver-child relationship associated with feeding 因餵食而破壞照顧者與幼童的關係
Nutritional dysfunction 營養功能障礙 a. Malnutrition 營養不良 b. Specific nutrient deficiency resulting from decreased dietary diversity 飲食多樣性減少而導致的營養缺乏 c. Reliance on tube feeding or oral supplements to sustain nutrition and/or hydration 依靠導管餵食或口服補充劑來維持營養和水份
Medical dysfunction 醫療功能障礙 a. Cardiorespiratory compromise during oral feeding 心肺功能障礙 b. Aspiration or recurrent aspiration pneumonitis 吸入性肺炎 c. Reliance on tube feeding or oral supplements to sustain nutrition and/or hydration 依靠導管餵食或口服補充劑來維持營養和水份
Feeding dysfunction 餵食功能障礙 a. Need for texture modification of liquid or food 需要改變食物或飲品質地 b. Use of modified feeding position or equipment 需要改變餵食姿勢或使用特定儀器 c. Use of modified feeding strategies 需要改變餵食方法
Register our consultation or assessment and complete a standardised questionnaire.
請即登記我們的諮詢/評估服務及填寫標準化問卷。
Our Specialized Feeding Program
Feed the Brain 吃
Feeding Therapy - Targeted to improve: PFD, picky eating, drooling, difficulty in imitating mouth shapes, oral defensive, lack of self-feeding skills, swallowing difficulty
餵食治療針對改善嬰幼兒：餵食障礙、嚴重挑食、流涎、學習模仿口型困難、口腔防禦、缺乏自我進食能力、吞嚥困難
BRAIN/COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
大腦/認知發展
Nutrition is of vital importance for brain development. A wide range of nutrients enables kids to acquire psychomotor, language, socio-emotional skills, and cognitive functions such as attention and learning.
腦部發育的關鍵是攝取營養。透過攝取廣泛及多樣的營養素， 幼童才得以發展心智、語言、社交情緒技能和認知功能，例如專注和學習。
ORAL SENSORY
INTEGRATION and AWARENESS
口腔感覺統合和意識
We need oral sensory information to understand the state and structure of our mouth itself, and objects in the mouth. Children who suffer from oral defensiveness may avoid brushing teeth, wiping lips or become extremely picky eater while some children may not be aware of saliva pooling inside mouth or may always try to mouth objects. For both situations, children are unable to perceive and integrate oral sensory information properly. Hence, feeding, speech and language problems may arise.
我們需要透過口腔信息以了解我們平常及即時的口腔狀態。患有口腔感官防禦症的孩子可能會避免刷牙、擦嘴唇或者變得非常挑食，或有孩子沒有意識到唾液在嘴裡積聚流口水，或者有些孩子總是用嘴咬／吸吮／含住不同物件／食物。在這些情況下，孩子往往無法感知並正確整合口腔信息，餵食，言語和語言都可能因此出現問題。
MUSCLE COORDINATION
肌肉協調
During mealtime, kids learn how to coordinate their muscles to perform various oral motor tasks which involve:
Respiratory muscles: swallowing, breathing, laughing, talking
Masticatory muscles: chewing, manipulating food, chewing, sucking, swallowing, talking, breathing, laughing etc.
嬰幼兒在進餐時學習協調不同肌肉來進行口腔運動，包括：
呼吸肌：吞嚥、呼吸、笑、說話
咀嚼肌：咀嚼、處理食物、吸吮, 吞嚥, 說話、呼吸、大笑等。
SOCIAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
社交技能發展
Eating is one of the most important social tasks in everyday life. Children with PFD and their family always find mealtime stressful and it develops tension in their relationship.
共同進餐是我們其中一個最重要的社交活動。患有 PFD 的兒童和他們的家人總在共同進餐時感到壓力，往往導致他們的關係變得緊張。